Replace all the reference with 2020-2024 related studies in Google scholar based Background of the Study Recent studies have indicated a troubling correlation between increased screen time and diminishing sleep quality among college students. As technology becomes an integral part of students’ lives, primarily influenced by academic demands and social engagement, the impact of screen usage on overall well-being has garnered increasing attention. One study conducted by Twenge and Campbell (2018) highlights the pervasive nature of digital devices, noting that excessive screen time has been linked to various health-related issues, including sleep disturbances. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced among college students, who often juggle numerous responsibilities that lead to extended usage patterns disrupting normal sleep cycles. The blue light emitted from screens has been shown to inhibit melatonin production, a hormone critical for facilitating sleep (Hale & Guan, 2015). Consequently, this has prompted widespread concern regarding the implications for students’ academic performance, mental health, and overall well-being. It is essential to explore how screen time affects sleep quality specifically within the college demographic because they are frequent users of technology for both educational and social purposes. According to a survey conducted by the American College Health Association (ACHA, 2019), over 90% of college students own a smartphone, with usage rates showing no signs of diminishing. The influence of digital platforms for learning has been particularly accentuated due to circumstances such as the global pandemic, which has pushed educational resources to online formats, further increasing screen exposure (Rogers et al., 2019). The cumulative effect of this heightened exposure raises critical questions about sleep habits, with many students reporting difficulties in achieving restful sleep due to late-night screen usage. Review of related literature The pervasive use of screens, be it through smartphones, laptops, or tablets, has revolutionized the way individuals engage with media, learn, and interact socially. Among college students, the increasing screen time is a significant concern due to its potential implications on sleep quality. This review aims to examine the literature related to screen time and its impact on sleep quality, particularly within the context of college students in Cebu City, Philippines. Screen Time Trends Among College Students Screen time has been on the rise, particularly for young adults. A study by Twenge and Campbell (2018) indicates a strong correlation between increased screen time and adverse outcomes related to mental health, including sleep disruptions. This trend is echoed in Cebu City, where students are heavy users of digital devices for both educational and recreational purposes, often leading to excessive screen time before bedtime. Effects of Screen Time on Sleep Quality Research has demonstrated that prolonged screen time negatively impacts sleep quality. Chang et al. (2018) found that excessive use of electronic devices before sleep can lead to delayed sleep onset and reduced sleep duration. This finding is relevant for Cebu City students, who often engage in late-night studies or social media interactions, potentially disrupting their sleep schedules. Mechanisms of Disruption The mechanisms through which screen time affects sleep include the emission of blue light from screens, which suppresses melatonin production—a hormone critical for sleep regulation (Hale & Guan, 2015). Moreover, engaging in stimulating activities on screens can heighten arousal levels, making it more difficult for individuals to wind down (Kelley & Lubosky, 2019). Such physiological and psychological effects are significant, particularly for the college demographic that often experiences irregular sleep patterns. Sleep Quality Indicators Quality of sleep can be assessed through various metrics including sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and subjective sleep quality. A study by Levenson et al. (2016) emphasized the importance of these indicators in understanding the broader implications of sleep disturbances. Specifically, college students in Cebu City might experience increased sleep latency and decreased sleep satisfaction due to their high engagement with screens. Correlation with Academic Performance The correlation between sleep quality and academic performance has garnered attention in recent years. Research by Lo et al. (2016) illustrates that lower sleep quality leads to poor academic outcomes, an issue relevant to Cebu City, where academic pressure significantly affects students’ lifestyle choices. The cyclical nature of poor sleep leading to diminished cognitive functioning may perpetuate a cycle of academic struggles among students who frequently use screens. Sociocultural Context in Cebu City The cultural context in Cebu City also plays a role in the screen time-sleep relationship. Many Filipino college students juggle several responsibilities, including academic work and part-time jobs. This reality often necessitates late-night studying and socializing through screens, which can exacerbate sleep issues. A study by Dogbey et al. (2018) indicates that cultural habits and social networking practices can influence sleep hygiene among students, contributing to the prevalence of sleep disorders.
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